SABIAS
La cara oculta de la ciencia
-Adela Muñoz Páez
“Estoy convencida de que la mayoría de las mujeres o ignora sus talentos por defecto de su educación, o los entierran por prejuicio o falta de coraje. Lo que yo he experimentado en mi me confirma esta opinión. El azar me hizo conocer gente de letras que se hizo amiga mía. Vi con gran sorpresa que me prestaban atención. Empecé entonces a creer que era una criatura pensante”. – Émilie de Châtelet
Sinopsis del libro
¿Quién fue Enheduannha? ¿Y Émilie de Châtelet? ¿Por qué todos los maestros cerveceros reconocen a Hildegarda de Bingen, una monja del siglo XI, como su maestra? ¿Fue Marie Curie merecedora de los dos premios Novel de ciencias que recibió? ¿Habría sido posible desentrañar la estructura del ADN sin el trabajo de Rosalind Franklin? ¿Por qué tan pocos saben de la mujer que resolvió la estructura de la penicilina? ¿Qué papel tuvieron las mujeres durante la Edad de Plata que la ciencia vivió en la Segunda República española?
En este libro rescatamos la historia de algunas de las mujeres que han hecho contribuciones relevantes en la ciencia y paralelamente, para entender porqué fueron tan escasas y hoy son tan desconocidas, realizamos un paseo por la historia. En este paseo descubriremos que hasta bien entrado el siglo XX las mujeres tuvieron vetado el ingreso en las universidades y el ejercicio de muchas profesiones que requerían estudios, u que antes habían sido expulsadas de las bibliotecas de los monasterios, los centros donde se refugió el saber durante la Edad Media. También investigaremos porqué sus historias fueron borradas de los anales de la ciencia o sus contribuciones les fueron arrebatadas.
Hoy es redescubrimiento es un ejercicio de justicia histórica para que por fin brillen con todo su esplendor.
Mi reseña 🙂
Hoy se conmemora el día internacional de la mujer (el cual también es motivo de nuestro especial de mujeres en este mes) y quiero compartir una súper lectura para hoy, no pude haber escogido otro mejor para este día: “Sabias. La cara oculta de la ciencia”, de la autora científica Adela Muñoz Páez.
En esta meticulosa y exhaustiva investigación, la autora desentraña la historia de la ciencia y de las mujeres desafiantes y empoderadas que participaron en ella como pocas veces nos la enseñan y como casi nadie la conoce. Las mujeres que hicieron trabajos y descubrimientos relevantes y sin los cuales el mundo no sería lo que es hoy en día, en todos los campos de la ciencia y de la vida. Estas mujeres abrieron nuevos caminos al pensamiento y con la fuerza de su razonamiento convencieron y a la larga terminarían venciendo.
Empieza con la historia de Enheduanna, una poetisa y escritora acadia, considerada la autora más antigua conocida y una de las primeras mujeres en la historia cuyo nombre se conserva. Tuvo un importante cargo político-religioso de “suma sacerdotisa” y su historia es tan interesante que no comprendo cómo es que nadie se molestó en ponerla en los libros de historia que yo estudiaba.
Y así, siguiendo una línea del tiempo, la autora habla de mujeres de distintas partes del mundo, como las sabias y las diosas griegas, Hipatia de Alejandria, mujeres que fueron pilares importantes en el trabajo de sus maridos, como Marie Curie (quien si tiene su propio lugar en la ciencia) y Marie-Paulze Lavoisier (que no corrió con la misma suerte que Marie Curie para ser reconocida) hasta mujeres que han brillado en sus áreas más recientemente. También tiene un capítulo dedicado a científicas españolas. Al hablar de cada una te pone en contexto detalladamente: lo social, cultural, religioso, líneas de pensamiento y comparte información de sus padres o sus hijos.
Aunque todas las historias son muy diferentes, tienen en común que a todas ellas pretendieron sabotearlas por su condición de mujeres, viviendo situaciones injustas e incluso condenadas a muertes crueles, y no contaban con el mismo apoyo del que si gozaban los hombres, aunque ellas estuvieran igual o mejor capacitadas que ellos. Si bien en el presente gozamos de muchos privilegios por los que ellas y muchas otras lucharon, todavía tenemos un largo camino que recorrer.
Aunque ahora “feminismo” es una palabra muy mencionada y todos y todas la hemos leído o escuchado en algún lado, yo no imaginaba quién fue la primera persona que pronunció este concepto. Solo te diré que es un escritor, te vas a ir para atrás.
En este libro aprendí un montón de cosas interesantes que quiero compartir, pero intentaré poner resistencia para no arruinarte la lectura del libro y lo saborees tu mismo, que lo disfrutes tanto como yo J Ah, pero te advierto que también te indignarás, como cuando yo leí que los hombres, en sus desesperados intentos de mantener a las mujeres ignorantes y encerradas para que fueran eternamente sumisas, inventaron enfermedades que, según ellos, estaban relacionados con el hecho de que las mujeres trabajaran intelectualmente, y que debido al tamaño inferior de su cerebro, en comparación con el de los varones, no podían aspirar a ser igual que los hombres. Y, las mujeres que confirmaban con su inteligencia y sus habilidades que estas posturas estaban equivocadas, ellos cínicamente decían que estas “extrañas mujeres” pertenecían a una especie de “tercer sexo”, o que tenían los ovarios atrofiados.
También encontrarás un montón de datos curiosos y posturas indignantes contra las mujeres, como la de Aristóteles, que definió a las mujeres como seres humanos defectuosos.
Es un libro completísimo sobre la historia de la ciencia y también historia del feminismo, en el que aprenderás muchos temas interesantes y ya no volverás a ver el mundo igual. Confieso que mientras leía no podía evitar sentirme un poco avergonzada conmigo y con todas esas importantes mujeres porque a pesar de que su trabajo fue de una relevancia invaluable yo no las conocía o apenas había escuchado hablar de ellas. Es ahora nuestra responsabilidad sacarlas a la luz y darles el lugar que les corresponde en la historia.
Este es de esos libros imperdibles que deberían de estar en todas las bibliotecas desde nivel secundaria hasta universidad, y en todas las bibliotecas públicas, y de esta manera acercar a los estudiantes algo de historia, ciencia y cultura general. Aunque aborda temas técnicos y complejos, la autora lo redactó de tal manera que pudiera ser comprensible para las personas que no tenemos amplios conocimientos en las distintas ramas de la ciencia que aquí se presentan, por lo que me parece de lectura accesible. Hay un sinnúmero de razones por las que todas y todos deberíamos de leerlo y compartirlo.
Me emocionan estos libros tan inspiradores que sacan del olvido, del polvo y de la oscuridad a aquellas que nunca debieron de haber estado ahí. A quienes les quisieron convencer de que ahí pertenecían, que eran invisibles, pero ellas se resistieron a creerlo. A quienes nos inspiran en el presente y con su ejemplo nos enseñan que nosotras también podemos. Que también somos fuertes. Que también somos capaces. Que también somos inteligentes. Nosotras también ♥
¡Léelo y ámalo tú también!
Consíguelo en Bookworm Los Cabos
“No creo que el espíritu de aventura corra ningún riesgo de desaparecer en nuestro mundo. Si veo alrededor de mí algo especialmente vio es presamente ese espíritu de aventura, que parece indestructible y está emparentado con la curiosidad” –Marie Curie
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While the Cuban press is usually accomplished utilizing a barbell
or dumbbells, it can also be done utilizing a low cable machine and
a revolving bar. If you want to construct broad, muscular
shoulders, think about this train from famous bodybuilder Arnold Schwarzenegger.
His take on the dumbbell overhead press engages all three sections of
your deltoids.
As An Alternative, you need to improve the emphasis on lateral and rear delt workouts.
Your entrance delts will obtain stimulation from compound higher body exercises, and if you have naturally
overpowering entrance delts, that will likely be enough.
You want to practice your shoulders with enough quantity
to stimulate progress, however not too much where you impede your recovery and growth
processes. The easiest way to consider that is by weekly volume, as people have totally different training splits – i.e.
full physique, upper/lower, muscle teams. You also want to take a look at
the three heads of the deltoids separately.
Hitting higher traps, entrance deltoids, and even some chest, this should
be an exercise you must work into your routine. You may even pick up some recommendations on how to perform it accurately from our full
Upright Row Information. Incline bench presses shift the main target
to your upper pecs, but they also emphasize your anterior deltoids extra.
Your shoulder muscle tissue have to work tougher
to stabilize the load and push it upwards. The deltoids are main movers, so they may
give us the strength and energy we wish for pushing movements.
Moreover, the deltoids are what create tone, broad shoulders that pop.
The upright row targets the deltoids and the traps, together with different areas of the higher again and even the biceps.
The workouts under (Workouts A and B) are supposed to
be accomplished inside one week. Have you been working
via the identical ol’ cut up for some time now and are
ready to switch issues up? Dumbbells can be utilized to perform compound and isolation workouts, and, best of
all, they’re ideal for home and fitness center workouts. Performing 3-4 units of 8-12 reps of every
exercise is recommended for many exercises. Dumbbell
shoulder exercises may be protected if carried out accurately with proper kind and technique.
That may help to create the definition between the arm and deltoid that makes the shoulders pop
proper off of the arm. This variation of the lateral
raise helps to restrict using the supraspinatus muscle to
place more of the emphasis on the center head of the delts.
To carry out the train, simply hold onto a solid construction (like an influence rack) with one arm and lean away at a
few diploma angle.
Differ your delt training by sitting or kneeling as an alternative of standing to remove help from
neighboring muscle groups and isolate your
shoulders extra effectively. Using multiplanar training reduces muscular imbalances, prevents damage,
and increases your practical strength and fitness.
Having coated the benefits of the overhead press, it is potential to
make a slight adjustment to extend the problem and problem of the exercise.
By sitting, it immediately becomes much more difficult to use momentum
to continually push the bar upward from the chest.
In Any Other Case, Wednesday or Thursday are traditional days
for shoulders, maybe with some traps thrown in afterward.
If you’re after greater and stronger shoulders, physiologist Dr.
Mike Israetel has five exercises in mind that can help you attain that objective.
On March 10, 2025, he took to his YouTube channel to interrupt down these movements, backed up by science-based
reasoning. [newline]Together, these heads of the deltoid are answerable for the arm’s movement
in multiple directions, playing a key position in pushing and pulling movements.
Focus on rowing your upper arms straight out to the sides, and squeezing your shoulder
blades again and together within the prime of the motion.
With the front and side delts taken care of, it’s time to show our
consideration to the rear delts.
Some bicep curl machines permit you to swap grips, that means you can even do machine reverse
or hammer curls. Regardless of building, the machine bicep curl is a protected and effective isolation exercise on your
upper arms. It might be significantly appealing to novices, but it is also useful for superior lifters and bodybuilders looking to isolate their biceps absolutely.
The incline dumbbell curl is amongst the only a few exercises where you move your arms behind your physique in the course
of the motion. That twist puts fixed pressure and stretch in your biceps muscle and makes it particularly efficient for focusing on the
long head of the biceps.
Cable shoulder exercises are a great way to make your shoulder muscular tissues stronger.
Unlike free weights, cable machines make the most of an adjustable weight stack for resistance.
A cable runs via a sequence of pulleys and attaches to handles,
bars, or ropes that you simply grasp to carry out
various workout routines.
Keep In Mind, reaching actual fitness and severe
muscle features takes a substantial amount of
time to realize. If you are using this program, you proceed to have to hit your
chest, again, and legs each week. I suggest using our Ultimate Back and Chest Exercise and this Final
Leg Exercise. It is easy to do and requires no more
scientific details and fancy gear.
You will doubtless discover people within the health club add a twisting movement on the high of
the raise. That small twist takes the stress off the deltoids and shifts
to the lats and upper again. If you wish to keep the concentrate on the shoulders, be
positive to do this exercise with excellent, managed kind.
The dumbbell entrance increase is an isolation exercise for the entrance shoulder muscular tissues.
The front raise carries over to stronger push exercises, like a
seated shoulder press. The external rotation part of this motion puts a greater stretch on all deltoid muscles
to advertise muscle development. Because you can’t use your decrease
physique and leg drive to move the bar in the ground press,
you may be limited in how a lot weight you ought
to use. Nevertheless, as a outcome of extra of the motion comes out of your
anterior deltoids and triceps, it’s an excellent train to
include in your front delt training.
One approach to maintain your progress and hold building greater, stronger muscle tissue
is to use different coaching instruments. Manish is a NASM-certified fitness and diet coach with over 10 years of experience in weight lifting and fat loss fitness coaching.
He focuses on gym-based coaching and has lots of knowledge about exercise, lifting method, biomechanics, and more.
Half kneeling high cable row rope is an amazing exercise that successfully
works many muscular tissues, together with the shoulder,
back, wing, and trapezius muscle tissue.
It also needs a spread of apparatus, including a barbell, dumbbell and weights bench.
Sure, 3 exercises may be sufficient for shoulders if they target
all deltoid heads. Embrace overhead press (heavy, 4-6 reps), lateral raises (moderate, 8-12
reps), and face pulls (light, reps) for balanced improvement.
The shoulders are your body’s most versatile joint, however they are also
essentially the most vulnerable to long run put on and tear.
So, you wish to method your shoulder exercises in a means that provides you the very best reward with the lowest threat.
Suppose about pulling your shoulder blades
toward your backbone on the lifting phase, quite than simply lifting it straight up,
cues Saini. Click right here to return to our listing of energy
coaching applications and exercises. Once More, be happy to take the biceps exercises and do them as
a stand-alone workout or as a half of your again or chest workout.
As A Substitute, you depend on your again exercises to take care of
your biceps, too. To carry out body weight curls, you need something to attach
TRX-style bands to that can hold your weight.
TRX (Total-Body Resistance Exercise) is a selected model and never an inexpensive one at that,
but you should use gymnastic rings, that are very fairly priced,
as a substitute.
Bear In Mind that the arms are already educated with every single upper-body compound movement.
This signifies that in reality, you do not even want to make use
of arm-specific workout routines to create huge, strong
arms. Easy, primary, and efficient, the lateral elevate is certainly one of the most popular arm workout
routines there might be. It’s also one of many few strikes that most individuals kind of know
the means to do. And by type of, we mean they still mess it up pretty unhealthy, which
is why you must take the time to learn our how-to.
Named after the world’s most well-known Arnold (yes, Schwarzenegger), this
variation of the overhead press will increase vary of motion and hits all three heads of the deltoids.
Keep In Mind to rotate your workouts for balanced improvement and steady improvement.
At All Times begin with warm-up sets to organize the muscular tissues and
forestall damage. Pay attention to form and approach, especially when lifting
heavy weights. Constructing stronger, fuller
shoulders requires an understanding of the deltoid muscle’s anatomy.
This muscle comprises three heads – anterior, lateral, and posterior
– every needing particular workout routines for balanced growth.
Time to really check these side delts now with some
lateral raises.
Right Here are my picks for the most effective delt exercises that do exactly that.
Just like before, I’ll go so as from the front of the shoulders to the rear deltoids.
That’s as a outcome of the shoulder muscle tissue get lots of help from different muscles in your upper
physique when you’re lifting heavier weights.
Whereas the above exercise primarily targets your posterior deltoids, the front increase targets primarily your anterior
deltoids, or in different words, the entrance of your shoulders.
You want your backbone and upper physique to be
almost parallel with the bottom. The StrengthLog Shoulder
Exercise is a whole muscle- and strength-building exercise for your
delts. It hits them with 5 different actions from
all completely different angles, with several exercises emphasizing the
front deltoid.
It masses the precise movement the facet delts are answerable for, backed by the research displaying lateral raises eliciting probably the
most vital activation of the facet delts [1]. The side delts are liable for shoulder abduction,
which is the arm raised to the body’s facet [1].
Hold in thoughts – this one does have a really short
vary of movement.
Increase the bar in the course of your chin, however make sure to allow your elbows, not
your arms, to lead the movement. The bar should only be raised to
some extent where your upper arms are about parallel to
the bottom. Any larger than this and your traps will start to take the load off the delts.
This workout is a good instance of how to apply science to your shoulder workouts.
Start training like an athlete and placing science back
in every workout you do. Get began instantly
on constructing a ripped, muscular, athletic body with the most effective workout tips and exercise
videos. This Perfect Shoulder Exercise will help you hit all heads of the delt, as properly as hit the shoulders through
their full vary of motion, including full stretch.
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